Irony in Hunters in the Snow and How I Met My Husband Essays

Irony in Hunters in the Snow and How I Met My Husband Essays Irony in Hunters in the Snow and How I Met My Husband Paper Irony in Hunters in the Snow and How I Met My Husband Paper Irony in Tobias Wolffs Hunters in the Snow and Diane Munros How I Met My Husband Irony in Tobias Wolff’s â€Å"Hunters in the Snow† and Alice Munro’s â€Å"How I Met My Husband† Irony expresses and often underlines the contrast between two opposite concepts creating an indirect, more sophisticated method of communication. Irony is as efficient in a literary work, as the reader can perceive it. Therefore, often times the reader must carefully analyze the material, reading it repeatedly if necessary, in order to fully understand the author’s message and intent. Tobias Wolff and Alice Munro employ irony in their short stories in attempt to surprise the readers, giving them an opportunity for discovery. In Wolff’s â€Å"Hunters in the Snow†, irony acts as a tragicomedy agent, but its role is mainly to reveal the true nature of the protagonists’ characters. On the other hand Munro’s use of irony gives her story, â€Å"How I Met My Husband†, a nice and funny finale, suggesting coming of age through epiphany and also the transition from phantasy to reality. Hence, irony is used differently in the two stories, such that in Wolff’s story it is a repetitive theme that keeps the reader engaged, while in Munro’s story irony provides the punch-line ending. In the short story, Hunters in The Snow, written by Tobias Wolff, the reader is presented with many elements of irony. The main characters of the story are three friends with personal issues that have a life-changing day in their lives. The three friends meet on a weekend to go deer hunting. It is the middle of the winter and the weather and environment they are in, which is upstate Washington state, is described as quite cold and inhospitable, which creates a slight discomfort in the reader. The author mentions that â€Å"two years in a row they’d been up and down this land† (87) in the same area they were heading. So one would think the three must know this area inside and out. At the end of the story though, they prove us otherwise: â€Å"They had taken a different turn a long way back† (99). They get lost and do not even notice it, probably causing Kenny’s death. The connection between the fact that they know the area and that they lose their way anyway is not very apparent, yet I consider it one of the biggest situational ironies of the story, partly because it is the most tragic one. The main character seems to be Tub, an overweight man with an eating disorder, since he was presented first and also in most detail. Even though Tub is being overly cautious with his rifle by taking the bolt out before he enters the truck, which is not a common practice among hunters, he later shoots Kenny in a blink of an eye. The author mentions that Tub â€Å"shot from the waist† (91), which means that this was an instinctive reflex in self-defense. The other two characters are Kenny, the prankster of the group and Frank, the intellectual of the group, who seems like the leader of the group in the beginning of the story. Both Kenny and Tub look up to Frank and show him what seems to be undeserved respect. As we find out later on he is clearly unworthy of the respect initially given to him. The irony of the situation is that Frank becomes quickly a subordinate of Tubs will. After Tub stands up to Frank and confronts him physically about the constant bullying, Frank instantly loses face and starts trying to please Tub in any way possible, completely ignoring the wounded Kenny. From being the leader of the group he becomes this puppy, doing everything he can to gain Tub’s approval, as his initial friendship to Kenny seems to have evaporated or never have truly existed. This situation is similar to an everyday occurrence in society of a person cheating on their spouse then eventually marrying the person they cheat with, yet it does not occur to that person they cheated with, that history might repeat itself. Tub accepts Frank’s apparent sensibility towards him instantly, without questioning his integrity and without realizing that he is most likely to become the next Kenny. In the beginning of the story Kenny puts Tubs life in danger by driving fast, halfway on the curb towards Tub. So one could say Kenny was playing with Tubs life. He then laughs uncontrollably at Tub â€Å"slapping his knees and drumming his feet on the floorboards† (86). And somehow this turns back against him, when he is the one shot by Tub later on in the story. When they stop to rest by the creek Kenny actually talks about choosing to be burned on the stake if â€Å"you ask me how I want to die today† (88), referring to the unpleasant cold weather they were having. This is yet another proof of Kennys ignorance towards the importance of life, and death for that matter. He is also presented as the best hunter in the group: â€Å"this will be the first season since I was fifteen I haven’t got my deer† (90), so it is ironic that Kenny is the one that probably dies at the end, but somehow it is expected. He seems like a strong character in the beginning, by driving the truck, getting permission to hunt from the owner of the land and he is assigned to kill the dog. Yet, ironically, he becomes the weakest character in the story at the end. Alice Munros How I Met My Husband is an autobiographical short story that presents a decisive moment in the author’s life. The main character is Edie, a â€Å"hired girl† that works in the house of the wealthy Peebles family. Even though the author is omniscient she still attempts to hide some elements of the truth I wouldnt have looked in her drawers Thats a lie. I would have looked but I would have felt worse (128). The story is told in the first person, yet from the fifteen-year-old Edies point of view. In spite of the fact that she does not have to reveal anything that she does not want the reader to know, ironically, her guilt determines her to admit to it in a humorous way. This is an example of situational irony, where we do not expect to see a corrective remark addressing the authors true feelings and yet it happens. The irony occurs outside of the story though, making the presence of the author noticeable. The character of Alice Kelling seems to be the antagonist of the story, as we read the scene where the ladies find out that Edie knows about Chris Watters leaving. However, this is a quite common way for an author to shift the sympathy of the reader, by building a main character, making him or her familiar and then creating a highly controversial scene or situation, where no matter what the reader roots for the main character. Alice Kelling is actually a victim just like Edie, even though most readers will consider Alice Kelling the antagonist. After reflection it becomes clear to the reader that despite his friendly behavior the antagonist is actually Chris Watters. The clearest sign that he was doing something wrong would be his own epiphany: â€Å"Oh, no† (136). In this case the irony occurs within the reader, a very interesting effect achieved by the author. Another ironic twist of the story occurs, as the reader realizes, that Edie married the mailman. She had waited by the mailbox for Chris Watters letter for months, and every time she saw the mailman she would smile. This of course confused the mailman, making him believe that he is the reason she was waiting at the mailbox every time. It is ironic and almost sad how the author lets the husband continue to believe that she â€Å"went after him by sitting by the mailbox every day† (140). Ironically, she does not even say the mailman’s first name, as opposed to Chris Watters who is the only adult character addressed by the first name throughout the story, a clear sign of affection. And mostly ironic would be how the author describes the beginning of her relationship with her husband in no less than one paragraph. It almost suggests that the story could have been titled How I Fell in Love, But Then Married My Husband, which would take a whole lot of fun out of the ending. A sign of her admitting to giving up on love is the passage where she talks about the two kinds of women: the ones that wait and the â€Å"busy† ones, that do not wait, referring to women who are looking for love and women that decide to just settle down. She then states that â€Å"even though there might be things the second kind of women have to pass up and never know about, it still is better† (140) , which shows she has no regrets about her decision. These two stories display irony in various ways. Tobias Wolff uses more graspable irony in â€Å"Hunters in The Snowâ€Å", which is very evident to the reader, while Alice Munro choses a more subtle way of being ironic in â€Å"How I Met My Husband†, but apparently both techniques are very effective in their own way. Also, another difference would be the amount of irony present in the two stories. Although not as effective as Munro’s usage of it Wolff’s story is abundant in irony which creates a constant entertainment for the reader. Munro chooses to make much less use of it, yet she still manages to create the surprise ending. When comparing the two stories one might consider Wolff’s story more interesting and maybe even more engaging, which could be considered slightly commercial. Munro’s story on the other hand requires more patience to read through, however, it might also offer more reason for contemplation. References: Wolff, Tobias. â€Å"Hunters in the Snow. † Perrine’s Literature Structure, Sound Sense. Eds. Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 86-99. Munro, Alice. â€Å"How I Met My Husband. † Perrine’s Literature Structure, Sound Sense. Eds. Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 125-140.

Conquer Your Inbound Marketing Strategy with this Process (4 Templates)

Conquer Your Inbound Marketing Strategy with this Process (4 Templates) If you’re working in digital marketing in 2019, chances are the majority of your activities revolve around inbound marketing. Many marketing teams take an ad hoc approach to inbound, with bits of PPC, content marketing, and social media sprinkled here and there. Rarely do teams have a full fledged inbound marketing strategy and process in place. Laying a good foundation and process for your inbound strategy has a couple of great benefits. Drives more leads into your marketing funnel. Better addresses target persona pain points. Ensures all team members are working toward the same goals. Aligns cross-channel messaging. Before showing you how to create a bullet-proof inbound marketing strategy and process, you’ll want to download these templates. You’ll receive a†¦ A keyword planning spreadsheet  to help drive better results for your inbound activities. A content audit guide  to help identify your content deficits. A content mapping template  to map your content to each funnel stage. A user persona worksheet  to help you target the right people. in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Law for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law for business - Essay Example A person who makes an offer is called as an offeror; and a person who receives that offer is called as an offeree. It is utterly important that offeror must make an offer to offeree. This would start a process of contract. Before going to reach a point of a valid contract, the valid contract may come across points like invitation to treat, counter-offer, query, time to consider, they may not make the contract valid; rather they may create other types of contracts. And some of them may revoke the valid contract. But, some scholars do not agree on one theory of contract; rather, there are two theories of contract-Will Theory and Declaration Theory (Beever, 2009). The main purpose of this report is to advice Acorn Antiques Ltd whether it should be ready to pay for legal liabilities for the injuries sustained by one of its customer, Erica, in the shop and whilst travelling to the hospital. To give a piece of advice, it is important to understand some basic information about the company a nd its employees. Acorn Antiques Ltd is run by two directors: Mr Clifford and Miss Babs; they have employed two people, Miss Berta, a sales person, and Mrs Overall, who provides the cleaning and catering services in the company. In order to give a piece of advice to Acorn Antiques, it is utterly significant to understand whether any contract exist between the injured party and the company. If a contract is established between Erica and Acorn Antiques Ltd, this would clearly require Acorn Antiques to pay for legal liabilities. If the contract is not established between Erica and the Acorn Antiques, no legal liabilities could be established or advised to the company. In the subsequent parts of this report, all the elements of contract are discussed for the purpose of determining whether they exist between the customer and the company. On the basis of this discussion, a piece of advice is given to the company. Contract: Definition and elements A contract encompasses offer and acceptanc e. According to Sir Frederick Pollock contract is defined as â€Å"a promise or set of promises which law will enforce,† (Keenan et al., 2009, p.204). This means, if a contract is established between the contracting parties, and it is legally bonding as well, in this case, it becomes a responsibility of law to enforce the elements of contract. Additionally, to enter into a contact, offeror must make an offer to an offeree. And in return, the offeree must accept the offer. These are the fundamental elements of the contract. The establishment of offer and acceptance creates a contract. If offer is made but acceptance is not made by the offeree, in this case, legally contract cannot be established. To establish the contract, both, offer and acceptance, must exist. Offer Offer contains fundamental ingredients of the contract (Emerson, 2009). An offer is an expression of willingness to the specific terms of contract, these terms are established with the intention that they would b ecome binding as soon as these terms are accepted by the offeree (Treitel, 2003). An offer determines the terms on which an individual shows his willingness to enter into a legally enforceable contractual relationship with another person. An offer must be capable of acceptance; it must be understandable and it must not be vague or unclear (McKendrick 2010, p136). Offer, once accepted, may become legally enforceable but many times all statements would not be amount to an offer. It is significantly important to make a

Modern and Postmodern Western Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modern and Postmodern Western Music - Essay Example Postmodern era is concerned with more advance technicalities putting forth the hybridism, relativism, heterogeneity, aesthetic hedonism, anti-essentialism and the rejection of grand narratives. The era of modernism is characterized by the movements involving revolution of visual arts, music, literature, and drama which rejected the old Victorian standards. Modernism redefined the art in every facet through increased emphasis on impression. The perspective of observation gained importance over the perspective of standard perception. The reinvention was also evident through the reducing distinction between genres, increased reflexivity, and rejection of formal elaboration. Postmodernism also obeys these rules of reinvention but unlike modernism it finds the ways to celebrate them. While the focus of modernism was literary and art historic sources, postmodernism focused on history and sociology, i.e., the more pressing topics of daily life of people. While modernism was the concept of new beginning postmodernism refers to the nurturing and progressing of those new findings. Postmodern era takes a more world wide view in contrast to modern era and unlike the emphasis on reality in modern era, postmodernism promotes fiction as reality and removes the barrier between imagination and practicality. â€Å"Modernism† and â€Å"postmodernism† concepts are also found to reflect in the music of the respective era. Musical modernism was characterized by the desire for or belief in progress and science, anti-romanticism, surrealism, political advocacy and general intellectualism.

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay Example for Free

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay Many organisations use marketing research to contribute to the development of their businesses because Market research can improve marketing strategies. Market research gives you concrete feedback regarding the product or service. You can use the information from market studies in your marketing strategy to define your target market, position your product, and price it appropriately. TOPSHOP is one of the world’s most internationally recognized fashion design talent schemes its part of the Arcadia Group, which owns a number of other retail outlets, it seems to be the single biggest supporter of emerging design talent in the UK. Arcadia Group ones over than 500 stores in more than 30 markets, supporting franchisees. Retail is a popular market as many new designers and stores are always popping Using marketing research is the most common kind of research as you can determine your market how you need to brand your product. Also finding competitors can be very useful when selling similar products for example a very popular fashion necessity like leggings. These leather leggings are popular in London at the moment and many stores are selling them however as TOPSHOP is such a popular brand people would rather spend  £33 at TOPSHOP then  £12.99 at a more basic store even with the significant price difference. This shows the importance of market research and branding, TOPSHOP’s reputation and brand awareness allows them to sell product at a higher price than other market competitors. Both products are made from the same material 100% Polyurethane but TOPSHOPS modifies the basic shape by adding multiple seams and a metal zipper, this adds a more fashionable twist then other companies which then allow TOPSHOP’s marketing team to increase the price to beat competitors. Topshop is a British clothes retailer specialized in womens clothing and fashion accessories. Topshop started life in 1964 as Peter Robinsons Topshop. By the 1970s Topshop had the first stand-alone store which was opened in 1974 however in 1994 the brand began to grow and set up at 214 Oxford Store. TOPSHOP first had a reputation of being a tacky low price clothing outlet. As the brand started growing they created TOPSHOP ‘plus to appeal to a larger market and compete with potential market competitors, which has now earned the fame of now leading fashion retailer. This success is owed to market strategy made in 1994 by going upscale. TOPSHOP ‘plus products will arrive first in the market and will be of high quality and very low comparative price. TOPSHOP plus stock up to date fashion clothes and accessories before any of its competitors does in the market because of the brand status many sellers want to work with TOPSHOP as they have so much publicity and celebrity endorsement. The endorsement from the British super model Kate Moss acted to strengthen Top Shops image as being first class in fashion clothing additionally the collection arrived in stores, designed to capture the models unique sense of style, Kate Moss for Top shop was one of the most hotly anticipated high street collaborations. Over time, TOPSHOP will come to be known not only as just the fashion accessory provider but much rather a trend setter especially with its in-house designer brands and those exclusively introduced and introduced by fashion industry leaders. Due to its various marketing efforts, innovations in the business and exclusive services for its customers, it is now the biggest and the most differentiated name in the fashion industry especially when it comes to retailers in the field.

The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag Essay -- Expository E

The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag The confederacy is dead. The Civil War is long over, and the United States has experienced much growth and development since its end, much of this due to the outcome of the war. A new, united America flourished throughout the late eighteen hundreds gaining a great deal of power through high levels of commerce and trade. There is no doubt that America is better off now because of the outcome of the War between the States. However, many of the symbols of the Civil War remain very active in the present world; they are very much alive and charged with meaning and power. Probably the best known among all of these symbols is the Confederate Battle Flag. The â€Å"rebel flag† has taken on many different meanings since its conception in the 1860’s. Unfortunately, today it is often associated with different hate groups and people who would wish it to be used as a symbol of oppression. Though we may be better off now as one united country, this freedom to rebel is what A merica was founded on over two hundred-fifty years ago. The men who fought for a better country in the Civil War were just as patriotic as the soldiers of the Revolutionary war. This is why it is so unfortunate to see their banner tarnished and defiled the way it often has been in the last several decades. However, it is also revered and glorified by many people and organizations. It’s spirit of sacrifice and nobility, and the patriotism demonstrated by the men who fought under it is often acknowledged and demonstrated through the public display of the Confederate Flag. The debate of which I write stems from the display, by certain state governments, of the Confederate Battle Flag both in its original form and i... ...rs, but also the generations of blacks who have suffered persecution. Persecution at the hands of people who wave the flag as a weapon of hatred; a sword that still cuts deeply today. These state governments recognize that these symbols are unwanted by a large portion of their population, or at least realize that bad publicity does them no good, and that it is necessary to change. I don’t see the Confederate Flag issue being resolved any time soon; as long as the different groups attach different meanings to the flag, they always have different opinions as to whether or not it should be displayed. Works Cited: Reed, John Shelton. â€Å"The Banner that won’t Stay Furled.† Southern Cultures. Spring 2002: 76. Darby, Joseph A. Darby Responds to Most Frequent Allegations Against Sanctions.† Editorial. The Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] 16 May 2001: A7. The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag Essay -- Expository E The Governmental Display of the Confederate Flag The confederacy is dead. The Civil War is long over, and the United States has experienced much growth and development since its end, much of this due to the outcome of the war. A new, united America flourished throughout the late eighteen hundreds gaining a great deal of power through high levels of commerce and trade. There is no doubt that America is better off now because of the outcome of the War between the States. However, many of the symbols of the Civil War remain very active in the present world; they are very much alive and charged with meaning and power. Probably the best known among all of these symbols is the Confederate Battle Flag. The â€Å"rebel flag† has taken on many different meanings since its conception in the 1860’s. Unfortunately, today it is often associated with different hate groups and people who would wish it to be used as a symbol of oppression. Though we may be better off now as one united country, this freedom to rebel is what A merica was founded on over two hundred-fifty years ago. The men who fought for a better country in the Civil War were just as patriotic as the soldiers of the Revolutionary war. This is why it is so unfortunate to see their banner tarnished and defiled the way it often has been in the last several decades. However, it is also revered and glorified by many people and organizations. It’s spirit of sacrifice and nobility, and the patriotism demonstrated by the men who fought under it is often acknowledged and demonstrated through the public display of the Confederate Flag. The debate of which I write stems from the display, by certain state governments, of the Confederate Battle Flag both in its original form and i... ...rs, but also the generations of blacks who have suffered persecution. Persecution at the hands of people who wave the flag as a weapon of hatred; a sword that still cuts deeply today. These state governments recognize that these symbols are unwanted by a large portion of their population, or at least realize that bad publicity does them no good, and that it is necessary to change. I don’t see the Confederate Flag issue being resolved any time soon; as long as the different groups attach different meanings to the flag, they always have different opinions as to whether or not it should be displayed. Works Cited: Reed, John Shelton. â€Å"The Banner that won’t Stay Furled.† Southern Cultures. Spring 2002: 76. Darby, Joseph A. Darby Responds to Most Frequent Allegations Against Sanctions.† Editorial. The Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] 16 May 2001: A7.

Analyze the Ways in “Jeffersonian Democracy”

During Jefferson’s Presidency two things changed â€Å"Jeffersonian Democracy†, the War of 1812 contributed because until the war hawks and a growing desire to obtain Florida and Canada Jefferson did not want to get involved in war with Europe, and the Louisiana Purchase also changed his views because he was very Constitutional and when the treaty for the Louisiana Purchase was presented it was argued to be Constitutional. Americans in the South wanted to gain Florida and the people in the North wanted Canada. Jefferson didn’t want to just invade and capture these territories.With the attacks from Natives across the Florida border in the South and the issue of impressment it was hard not to go to war. Jefferson did not want to go to war with Great Britain. A group called the war hawks was born, men who were eager to go to war and get territory. After persuading Jefferson agreed to go to war with Great Britain, and because Spain and Britain were allies they could claim Florida as well. The reason this changed his democracy is he did not want to go to war with European nations, or at all I believe, but he gave in and went to war anyway because of pressure from the war hawks.Another factor in the changing of Jeffersonian Democracy was the Louisiana Purchase. Robert Livingston and James Monroe were sent to France to discuss a treaty with Napoleon. When they returned they had purchased the Louisiana Territory form Napoleon. Jefferson was both pleased and embarrassed. He was glad to have the territory, but being constitutional as he was, he was not sure it was Constitutional, until his advisors assured him that it fell under his ability to make treaties.This changed his view because it had changed him to be less strict constitutionally and he was already exploring the territory (and beyond) before the treaty was already made. Jefferson went through a lot of events that changed his view of Democracy and how he ran the nation, but two big ones were the War of 1812, because he went to war even though he personally didn’t want to, and the Louisiana Purchase, because of his belief that the Federal government only had powers expressed in the Constitution.

Women’s Judo Debate

Women's Judo My dear fellow judos, martial arts practitioners and sports women, l, Gamma Gibbons, am delighted you have joined me today to unravel the nauseating, adverse light that has been shown upon women's Judo recently. After, having unfortunately been exposed to an atrocity of a biased article revolved around yours truly, I felt compelled to express my rage and dismay towards the sexist, ignorant writer behind these fabricated words, Andrew M Brown. Ladies, who is he to tell us which sports are socially acceptable to practice?Does he have the right to make sexist remarks bout our careers, when he himself, has spent time In a mental ward? Mr.. Brown, your article creates the wrong assessment of the beautifully orchestrated sport of women's judo. In your absurd article, you have displayed forms of incredibly offensive sexism, relating to my sport. The showcasing of your old fashioned opinions towards women being dominant in a strong sport has infuriated me. Your lack of understan ding and knowledge for female athletes participating In any sport, only make you look thick and sexist.Being a Judo myself, I have first hand experience of he sport, which puts me in a respectable position to inform that your accusations circling the sport is indeed, false. I apologize for my inconsiderate behavior, a Judo Mr.. Brown, is someone who practices Judo as a sport, male or female. Clearly from your fictional lies mentioned in your article you have no significant knowledge of the sport let alone the names of Its professional practitioners.I am not exactly sure how he could have the tremendous talent of successfully enraging the entire sports community from Just the insensitive, foul, sexist language used in the title of your written piece. The title – a few words in length and Mr.. Brown has already showcased his hidden talent of triggering the anger in a group of female athletes in just one click of the publish button. His disregard towards not only the sport but I ts athletes have immediately given the text a very condescending and patrolling voice as narrator, referring to Judos as â€Å"girls†.I'll have It known to you Mr.. Brown, that the entire female Olympic judo team includes adults ages 26 and above. He must have been blinded by the â€Å"disturbing† sight of a popular Olympic event that consists of watching â€Å"girls beat each other up†. If he is so emotionally â€Å"unsettled† by watching a match, we're happy to direct him back to his soap operas at home. HIS referral to the sport using what I consider street slang Infuriates me as the implication that no skill or training is required in order to participate in the sport.His low class view sickens me, furthering my disgust when he compares my match between my opponents as â€Å"two drunken women bashing ten bells out of each other†. How dare he dishonor this highly respected Olympic sport? He is a writer not a sports critic, so a piece of advice f or Mr.. Brown, stick to your own career. We do not â€Å"beat† or Have some respect for the commitment and strength it takes to hold a sport like judo. Additionally, I find it incredible that he can assert that he â€Å"probably sound appallingly sexist†.He has predicted his own criticism, suggesting the fact that he is fully aware that his discriminative mind is unsuitable for expressing his concern over a female sport, that's better known for its male practitioners. His condescending tone sounds as if he assumes that everyone will understand his reasoning. Newsflash Mr.. Brown, we are not so easily fooled by your attempt to evoke a family man status for yourself n order to counterbalance and deflect the controversy you caused. Anecdotes about his daughters have made me wonder, what if he had sons? Would his views be the same?He is only trying to step into the role of a respectable man to dodge the criticism he would receive; his literacy devices did not have its effe cts on us though right, ladies? Does he really call himself a writer? His opinion is old- fashioned portraying women as the weaker, inferior people in this society, describing our â€Å"soft limbs battered black and blue with bruises† after a match. We are a lot stronger than you think Mr.. Brown, we can handle a few bruises and scratches but not in any way are our limbs any softer than your office restrained limbs.In conclusion, as I have ferociously argued against Mr.. Brown's fabricated Judgments on a highly honorable Olympic sport, my opinions and feeling lie obvious. I am extremely appalled and repulsed by his sexist views and ignorant voice regarding not only me but also my fellow Judos and many other female athletes. I hope that I have conveyed my message across that women's Judo is far more skill related and respectable than what meets a washed up, sexist writer's eyes.

First Inhabitants of the New World essays

First Inhabitants of the New World essays Most of what we know about the first inhabitants of North America, the ancestors of today's First Nations and Inuit, is due to the work of archaeologists. These specialists have generally divided the past into two periods: the historic period, for which we have written accounts; and the prehistoric period, prior to the existence of written records. Archaeological work on the prehistoric period - studying stone tools, bone chips, and faunal and other remains - is invaluable because few other types Certain key discoveries have contributed to our knowledge of these people. In 1927 a fluted point was uncovered near the town of Folsom, New Mexico, which dated back to about 8,500 BC. Similar artifacts from the same time period have since been discovered in Canada. In 1975 a discovery was made at the Bluefish Caves in the mountains of the northern Yukon Territory. These three small caves contained the bones of ancient animals, many of which showed signs that they had been butchered. As well, archaeologists found stone tools that could only have been made by humans. One tool, a burin or stone chisel, is the oldest evidence of human occupation in Canada. Using a technique known as radiocarbon dating, scientists were able to conclude that hunting parties between 25,000 and 12,000 years ago used the caves intermittently. Over the millennia these ancient peoples dispersed throughout North America and developed subsistence strategies particular to their environments. For example, ancestors of today's Inuit learned how to cope with their harsh environment by using the northern resources to their advantage and developing unique tools. Those migrating to the coastal and prairie regions of the country did the same, adapting to their surroundings By the time of first contact with the Europeans, there were millions ...

Understanding the Dual Court System

Understanding the Dual Court System A â€Å"dual court system† is a judicial structure employing two independent court systems, one operating at the local level and the other at the national level. The United States and Australia have the world’s longest-running dual court systems. Under the United States’ system of power-sharing known as â€Å"federalism,† the nation’s dual court system is composed of two separately operating systems: the federal courts and the state courts. In each case, the court systems or judicial branches operate independently from the executive and legislative branches. Why the US Has a Dual Court System Rather than evolving or â€Å"growing into† one, the United States has always had a dual court system. Even before the Constitutional Convention convened in 1787, each of the original Thirteen Colonies had its own court system loosely based on English laws and judicial practices most familiar to colonial leaders. In striving to create the system of checks and balances through separation of powers that is now arguably considered their best idea, the framers of the U.S. Constitution sought to create a judicial branch that would have no more power than either the executive or legislative branches. To achieve this balance, the framers limited the jurisdiction or power of the federal courts, while maintaining the integrity of the state and local courts. Jurisdiction of Federal Courts A court system’s â€Å"jurisdiction† describes the types of cases it is constitutionally allowed to consider. In general, the federal courts’ jurisdiction includes cases dealing in some way with federal laws enacted by Congress and interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution. The federal courts also deal with cases whose outcomes may impact multiple states, involve interstate crime and major crimes like human trafficking, drug smuggling, or counterfeiting. Also, the â€Å"original jurisdiction† of the U.S. Supreme Court allows the Court to settle cases involving disputes between states, disputes between foreign countries or foreign citizens and U.S. states or citizens. While the federal judicial branch operates separately from the executive and legislative branches, it must often work with them when required by the Constitution. Congress passes federal laws which must be signed by the President of the United States. The federal courts determine the constitutionality of federal laws and resolve disputes over how federal laws are enforced. However, the federal courts depend on the executive branch agencies to enforce their decisions. Jurisdiction of the State Courts The state courts deal with cases not falling under the jurisdiction of the federal courts- for example, cases involving family law (divorce, child custody, etc.), contract law, probate disputes, lawsuits involving parties located in the same state, as well as almost all violations of state and local laws. As implemented in the United States, the dual federal/state court systems give the state and local courts leeway to â€Å"individualize† their procedures, legal interpretations, and decisions to best fit the needs of the communities they serve. For example, large cities may need to reduce murders and gang violence, while small rural towns may need to deal with theft, burglary, and minor drug violations. About 90% of all cases dealt with in the U.S. court system are heard in the state courts. Operational Structure of the Federal Court System The US Supreme Court As created by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Supreme Court stands as the highest court in the United States. The Constitution merely created the Supreme Court, while assigning the task of passing federal laws and creating a system of lower federal courts. Congress has responded over the years to create the current federal court system made up of 13 courts of appeals and 94 district level trial courts sitting below the Supreme Court. Federal Courts of Appeals The U.S. Courts of Appeals is made up of 13 appellate courts located within the 94 federal judicial districts. The appeals courts decide whether or not federal laws were correctly interpreted and applied by the district trial courts under them. Each appeals court has three presidentially-appointed judges, and no juries are used. Disputed decisions of the appeals courts can be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Federal Bankruptcy Appellate Panels Operating in five of the 12 regional federal judicial circuits, the Bankruptcy Appellate Panels (BAPs) are 3-judge panels authorized to hear appeals to decisions of bankruptcy courts BAPs are currently located in the First, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Circuits. Federal District Trial Courts The 94 district trial courts making up the system of U.S. District Courts do what most people think courts do. They call juries that weigh evidence, testimony, and arguments, and apply legal principles to decide who is right and who is wrong. Each district trial court has one presidentially-appointed district judge. The district judge is assisted in preparing cases for trial by one or more magistrate judge, who may also conduct trials in misdemeanor cases. Each state and the District of Columbia have at least one federal district court, with a U.S. bankruptcy court operating under it. The U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands each have a federal district court and a bankruptcy court. Purpose of the Bankruptcy Courts The federal bankruptcy courts have exclusive jurisdiction to hear cases involving business, personal, and farm bankruptcy. The bankruptcy process allows individuals or business that cannot pay their debts to seek a court-supervised program to either liquidate their remaining assets or reorganize their operations as needed to pay off all or part of their debt. The state courts are not allowed to hear bankruptcy cases. Special Federal Courts The federal court system also has two special-purpose trial courts: The U.S. Court of International Trade deals with cases involving U.S. customs laws and international trade disputes. The U.S. Court of Federal Claims decides claims for monetary damages filed against the U.S. government. Military Courts Military courts are completely independently from state and federal courts and operate by their own rules of procedure and applicable laws as detailed in the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Structure of the State Court System While more limited in scope the basic structure and function of the state court system closely resembling that of the federal court system. State Supreme Courts Each state has a State Supreme Court which reviews the decisions of the state trial and appeals courts for compliance with the state’s laws and constitution. Not all states call their highest court the â€Å"Supreme Court.† For example, New York calls its highest court the New York Court of Appeals. Decisions of the State Supreme Courts can be appealed directly to the U.S. Supreme Court under the Supreme Court’s â€Å"original jurisdiction.† State Courts of Appeals Each state maintains a system of localized appeals courts that hear appeals from the decisions of the state trial courts. State Circuit Courts Each state also maintains geographically dispersed circuit courts that hear civil and criminal cases. Most state judicial circuits also have special courts that hear cases involving family and juvenile law. Municipal Courts Finally, most charted cities and towns in each state maintain municipal courts that hear cases involving violations of city ordinances, traffic violations, parking violations, and other misdemeanors. Some municipal courts also have limited jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving things like unpaid utility bills and local taxes.

Galileo's Siderius Nuncius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Galileo's Siderius Nuncius - Essay Example k became a sensation that made Galileo famous and well-known in his time, as well as initiating further discoveries of how celestial bodies such as the rocky planets, the Earth’s moon, Jupiter and its satellites, the Sun’s spots as well as discovering larger numbers of stars in constellations such as Orion and the Pleiades that cannot be easily seen by naked eyes through a compound telescope (13). While Galileo’s discoveries stirred controversy with the Catholic Church by disproving the scriptures regarding how planets, the sun, and other celestial bodies orbit the Earth, his method of observing the movement of planets with satellites, mainly Jupiter and its four moons allowed for the support of the Copernican theory of planetary movement, and initialising the disproving of the traditionally-accepted Aristotelian theory of a geocentric view of the cosmos. Galileo reported his initial observations of three bright bodies around the planet Jupiter, which he noticed to change positions in the course of a few months, from January to March of 1610, but remarkably remained in a straight line all throughout the time of observation (64). He begun observing the large planet around early January, wherein he records the appearance of three bright stars orbiting around Jupiter, but do not have similar sizes, and in which Galileo describes as such: â€Å"the more eastern one and the western one appeared a bit larger than the remaining one† (65). After a few days, Galileo observed another star which was hidden behind Jupiter, emerging and trailing in a straight line along the other three stars that were initially discovered a few days prior, in which Galileo describes the alignment to be similar to the alignment of the zodiac constellations (66). After observing Jupiter and its Medicean stars (later found out to be its satellites or moons) f or a period of three months, Galileo was able to compare the stars’ orbit to the Earth’s and Mars’ moons, which change phases at

Exploring a work of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Exploring a work of art - Essay Example Usually, the piece of paper is rolled around the hard cardboard so that it can roll out easily when being used. The long length of paper is segmented using dotted lines to make it easy to tear when in use. The dotted lines are symmetrically placed to ensure a uniform utilization of the paper. Several folds exist at specific lengths from each other. Due the presence of perforation or pores at specific sections of the paper, it can easily be used by people. The hollow part of the cylindrical cardboard is placed on a holder that serves as the pivot when the paper is rolled. During use, it is rolled several times as it revolves about the holder. The toilet paper is usually translucent and only allows minimal intensity if light to pass through it. The hollow cardboard is rough and compact and consists of an interior white color and exterior brown color. The brown color is concealed by the rolls of the toilet paper but once the roll is completely utilized, the brown color is visible. Whereas, the white color is visible via the hollow part, the hollow part is made of hard paper than the one used on toilet paper rolls. The hard brown card does not disintegrate in water. The toilet rolls have a sweet fragrance that oozes out of them to give a feeling of relaxation. The perfume brings a feeling of freshness and the white color a sense of cleanliness. The color is appealing and creates a feeling of confidence. This work of art falls in the category of functional art category. (Lecture notes, AAD 251: Arts and Visual Literacy). Its functionality lies in its usage. People can use the toilet paper in the toilets. This describes its functionality as a work of art. Unlike some works of art that are merely displayed in rooms and buildings, this work of art serves a significant and almost unparalleled role in the toilet. It is also not as delicate as other works of art. Some works of art are brittle and can easily break down. The toilet paper only disintegrates when it